doi: 10.1108/cpoib-05-2015-0017, Batrau, Q., and Bonnet, F. (2016). Construct effects on endogenous variables. Assessing the oppositional culture explanation for racial/ethnic differences in school performance. Section Methodology sets out the sampling and data collection procedure, derives measurement items for the constructs of the model, and provides a rationale for using a partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach to analyze the data. We also confirm the direct effect of microfinance on street vending (H5) and the indirect effect through resistance (H6). 62, 113. A practical guide to factorial validity using PLS-Graph: tutorial and annotated example. Sci. Scholarly research has focused on street vendors who choose their profession willingly for cultural reasons, and who have a spiritual motivation that gives them satisfaction, enabling them to provide high-quality services in the perception of their clients (Wibisono and Catrayasa, 2018). Furthermore, Street vendors cause many problems to traffic flows and suffer from the harmful environment when doing their business such as noise and air pollution. How do street vendors contribute to the economy? Int. A study of Chinese street vendors: how they operate. In this connection, we should differentiate between licensed and unlicensed street vendors. These findings are the main contributions of this study, and they will enrich the cultural approach. doi: 10.1093/biomet/61.1.101.
California makes needed investment in street vendors - CalMatters J. Soc. Forecast. doi: 10.1007/s12132-016-9291-y, Truong, V. D. (2018). (2013). Debt portfolios of the poor: the case of street vendors in Cali, Colombia. Public policy must therefore recognize that the eviction of street vendors from public spaces is not a solution (Batrau and Bonnet, 2016), and policymakers should seek other ways of formalizing street vending. A partial least squaresbased structural equation modeling is employed to test the validity of measurement models and the significance of the entire structural model, predictive power, and mediation analysis. With a baby on her back, she sold them door-to-door to her neighbors every morning before work, visiting auto body shops and job sites throughout Berkeley. This study followed the updated procedure in Nitzl et al. Therefore, we can increase their contribution to the economic advances and decrease their negative impact on cities. doi: 10.1016/j.iedeen.2020.03.001, Forkuor, J. Therefore, when scholars consider low-income consumption as a dimension of urban culture, their statistical results are inconsistent (Steel, 2012a; Trupp, 2015; Tamilarai and Angayarkanni, 2016). Asian Soc. If we add the small family farms, the informal sector represents a huge part of the entire economy in most developing countries. Specifically, meat consumption is affected by religion, history, and urban culture (Nam et al., 2010). doi: 10.3362/1755-1986.2013.005, Martinez, L., and Rivera-Acevedo, J. D. (2018). document.getElementById( "ak_js_3" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); In many cases, they serve as a launching pad for bigger enterprises. Whether it was a parade, dance, tea party, home celebration or just enjoying a good ol' wee dram of whisky, here's a photo essay of how Los Angeles donned its green apparel to celebrate St. Patrick's Day and embrace the luck o' the Irish over the years. Fourth, the model is limited to examination of the impact of culture on street vending. Generally, the vendors themselves try to understand changes in customers' needs and to select appropriate public places to reach certain groups of customers, such as tourists (Steel, 2012a). Competition and cooperation among working women in the context of structural adjustment: the case of street vendors in La Paz-El Alto, Bolivia. This paper synthesizes recent research and evidence on urban policies and local government practices as they relate to street vending, one of the most visible occupations in the informal economy. (A) Model with total effect. They also contribute a whole amount of money into the Los Angeles economy. Tamilarai, S., and Angayarkanni, R. (2016). Urban Reg. Soc. As Table 1 shows, the AVE for all constructs exceeds the critical cut-off point of 0.500 (Latan and Noonan, 2017), thus ensuring convergent validity. doi: 10.1080/01419870.2016.1159709, Estrada, E., and Hondagneu-Sotelo, P. (2011). (2008). Their approach is appropriate because the problem affects the social and economic daily life of cities in two opposing ways. Enrolling a goddess for Delhi's street vendors: the micro-politics of policy implementation shaping urban (in)formality. She was also able to put her kids through college. Sci. Soc. Moreover, the indirect effect of urban culture on street vending via low-income consumption (H2) is not significant. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2012.01153.x, Stone, M. (1974). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: algebra and statistics. The Informal Economy and Decent Work: A Policy Resource Guide Supporting Transitions to Formality. Local encounters with globetrotters. Street vendors, their contested spaces, and the policy environment: a view from calocan, Metro Manila. Unlicensed street vendors occupy public spaces and traditional markets, creating problems for residents, pedestrians, formal retailers, and public authorities. Rule Law 5, 7495. 12:596071. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.596071, Wardrop, J. 16, 91109. The first is assistance from family. While licensed sellers enjoy a formal relationship with municipal authorities and public officials, unlicensed vendors work under precarious conditions, struggling to avoid eviction from the public streets (Cuvi, 2016). On the other hand, in many countries, the informal economy, which consists mainly of street vending, plays a crucial role in income generation, employment creation, and production (Recchi, 2020). Eur. Policy 41, 930948. Recreat. Future studies should, therefore, test the model using data collected at different intervals. Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan, College of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR China. doi: 10.1007/s11365-020-00638-1, Ali, M., Ali, I., Badghish, S., and Soomro, Y. This mindset informs the two recommendations found at the end of the Economic Roundtable report that suggests ending all punitive policies towards street vendors and creating a permit system to legitimize vending businesses. Low-income consumption mediates the effect of urban culture on street vending. doi: 10.1177/1470785320915686, Shujahat, M., Wang, M., Ali, M., Bibi, A., Razzaq, S., and Durst, S. (2020). The current study instead adopts the approach recommended by Chai et al. Second, it investigates the general public's perceptions of the issue of street vending as a problem facing cities in developing countries, which is a necessary step in reviewing public policies and determining how to deal fairly with street vendors. Stud. Stud. Res. Table 1 shows the outer loadings of all the constructs in the study. Researchers have argued that certain groups in a society develop their own oppositional cultures that empower them to resist public trends (Ainsworth-Darnell and Downey, 1998). Biometrika, 61, 509515. Pro-poor business law? The other quarter -- about 10,000 vendors -- are the ones selling foods like "street meat" hot dogs and tacos. At that time, China had also created 5.64 million jobs. Meat Sci.
Street vendors of Manila | SUEUAA A lack of microfinance positively impacts street vending. Hence, we propose the following hypothesis: H3. Meanwhile, street vendors are reluctant to move into the formal sector, preferring the hazardous conditions of the informal sector to the relative safety of formal activities (Alvi and Mendoza, 2017). Research on the management of urban unlicensed mobile street vendorstaking public satisfied degree as value orientation. The law also allows food stamps at farmers markets, which are an important venue for street vendors. Managed informality: regulating street vendors in Bangkok. This very aspect, again, is the reason why . Front. Because the predictive relevance of the model has been established, we can safely derive the following managerial implications. Third, the pervasiveness of street vending has increased dramatically over the last 15 years in the wake of political changes. Street vendors, in short, must not only be part of our economic development plans but centered at their foundation. (2020). 12:747255. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.747255, Al-Jundi, S. A., Ali, M., Latan, H., and Al-Janabi, H. A. "A round of regulatory oversight, maybe a licensing of vendors, would make sure there are health standards," Burns said. doi: 10.1177/1206331216643778, Recchi, S. (2020). They enter the informal economy for cultural reasons, such as continuing a traditional family activity, and for social or lifestyle reasons (Williams and Gurtoo, 2012). Soc. Thus, the strong resistance of street vendors can be explained in part by a lack of microfinance, which leads them to stay on the public streets. 3, 4153. But after three years of China's unyielding "zero-COVID" pandemic policy, which . Thus, we hypothesize: H2. doi: 10.1108/IJSSP-07-2020-0285, Recio, R. B., and Gomez, J. E. A. On the one hand, it has negative impacts in terms of traffic, competition with the modern retail industry, and violence. They are frequently considered an 'encroachment' upon . The effect of poverty on street vending through sequential mediations of education, immigration, and unemployment. E-rickshaws on urban streets: sustainability issues and policies. 14, 549555. Whose Paradise? Res. "Bud" Kieser, Behold the Bunnies and Bonnets of L.A.'s Past Easter Celebrations, Lions and Tigers and Cameras! The results would be more accurate if we could increase the sample so that it is more representative of the population as a whole. H6. The study adopted a sampling method introduced by Krejcie and Morgan (1970) in order to determine the minimum size of the sample required for a given population. Street vendors provide for their family's essentials such as food, clothing, and education and hence become a part of the economy by paying indirect taxes, fines, and fees. Thus, there are no collinearity issues in the structural model. It is worth noting that there are often too many vegetable sellers competing with each other in overcrowded areas. With some initiatives from the government, it can be a win-win situation. The politics of field destruction and the survival of so paulo's street vendors. This was motivated by the need to have a clear appreciation of the. doi: 10.2307/2657266, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Ali, M. (2021). This study examines the relationship between urban culture and street vending, since the literature on this topic is quite sparse (Tamilarai and Angayarkanni, 2016; Wibisono and Catrayasa, 2018). "Street vendors" contributions to urban life go beyond their own self-employment'. Sociol. Urban culture creates a consumption pattern, especially for low-income customers. 12:678952. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.678952, Reid, D. M., Fram, E. H., and Guotai, C. (2010). Entrepreneurship 24, 118. We have therefore chosen to investigate this widespread and problematic issue. J. Sociol. Third, the pervasiveness of street vending has increased dramatically over the last 15 years in the wake of political changes. doi: 10.1002/bse.2747, Wang, Y., Dai, Y., Li, H., and Song, L. (2021b). Bus. Onodugo, V. A., Ezeadichie, N. H., Onwuneme, C. A., and Anosike, A. E. (2016). The best solution to this problematic issue is that the government should invest to formalize the informality of street vending. 18, 259285. Mark. We found that the item loading for LC1 was below 0.40, and we therefore deleted it. In the end, because of limitations of time and resources, we collected 463 responses. This study contributes to the literature in several ways. Again, the bootstrapping of 5,000 iterations at 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals allowed the indirect effects to be tested. They sometimes cause conflicts in society, potentially leading to violence (Tonda and Kepe, 2016). Obtaining a clear understanding of public opinion on the issue is, therefore, a necessary step in reviewing public policies on how to deal fairly with street vendors. They are helping those who have been unable to find work and who have not yet received aid due to the pandemic. The direct impact of culture on street vending is not significant, and a lack of microfinance positively influences the pervasiveness of trading on streets. Table 4. The resulting consumption pattern consolidates the persistence of street vendors working in the informal trading sector. Third, the study relates specifically to the context of Iraq, a country that has suffered recent political instability. OECD/ILO (2019). J. Economic empathy in family entrepreneurship: Mexican-origin street vendor children and their parents. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., and Sarstedt, M. (2017). Dan Walters brings his passion for government transparency to issues affecting Californians. If the value of HTMT is lower than the threshold value of HTMT0.85 (the conservative cut-off point) or HTMT0.90 (the liberal cut-off point), discriminant validity is established (Henseler et al., 2014). doi: 10.1108/IMDS-07-2015-0302. An indicator of the scale of street vending is that informal employment accounts for 42% of total nonagricultural employment in Thailand (2010), 50% in Argentina (2009), 61% in Ecuador (2009), and 70% in Zambia (2008) as estimated by the ILO (ILO, 2013). A. Comp. I. To address this problem, municipal authorities should build infrastructure that is specifically designed to formalize street vendors; for example, they can construct special areas for vendors (Te-Lintelo, 2017) and legalize trading between the informal and formal sectors. Scholars often consider the informal economy as an indicator of economic underdevelopment or as an obstacle to economic development. As a result, the unemployment rate has increased, especially among young people, and one-fifth of the population has fallen below the poverty line, even though the country is ranked fifth in the world for oil exports. Section Conceptual Framework and Hypothesis Development introduces the conceptual framework and develops the hypotheses on the basis of a thorough review of the literature.
China's street vendor economy: solution to unemployment after COVID-19? First comes the direct effect of resistance on street vending, followed by the total effects of urban culture on street vending, the direct effect of a lack of microfinance on street vending, the indirect effect of microfinance on street vending through resistance, and the indirect effect of urban culture on street vending through resistance, in that order. Psychol. Low-income consumption and resistance sequentially mediate the effect of urban culture on street vending. Informal street vending: a comparative literature review. This is due to two main reasons: First, Chinese cities are growing at an unprecedented rate which creates space limitations and regulations. The items for consumption patterns were derived from Reid et al. J. Dev. 13, 16791688. The review of the literature served to identify five items that reflect each construct. To harness that promise, the barriers to this kind of entrepreneurship needed to be lowered. Change 165:120527. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120527, Ali, M., Ali, I., Albort-Morant, G., and Leal-Rodrguez, A. L. (2021a). As Table 1 shows, these requirements were met for all the constructs. When animals weren't appearing in a movie, they were rented out to other film companies, performed for studio visitors, or in the case of filmmaker William Selig's collection an opportunity to create one of Los Angeles' first zoos. Second, Iraqis often buy from and trust peddlers; most of the time, the public authorities ignore them. Disobedient markets: street vendors, enforcement, and state intervention in collective action.
Street Vending and Public Policy: A Global Review - ResearchGate Agency, social capital, and mixed embeddedness among Akha ethnic minority street vendors in Thailand's tourist areas. They also help to eliminate poverty and unemployment, enabling people to depend on their own resources when governments fail to tackle those problems (Onodugo et al., 2016). *Correspondence: Mohammad Asif Salam, masalam1@kau.edu.sa, Conceptual Framework and Hypothesis Development, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.831014, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).
Street vending on Addis Ababa's sidewalks: A sign of vibrancy and How the Movies Gave Los Angeles a Zoo, Irish for a Day: L.A.'s History of 'Going Green' on St. Patrick's Day. The new identities of street vendors in Santiago, Chile. Explanatory power can be evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2), which indicates the predictive accuracy. Since the occupation of Iraq by the US-led alliance in 2003, the state and its major institutions have collapsed. 43, 115135. J. Res. Please contact CalMatters with any commentary questions: commentary@calmatters.org. The psychology of resistance to change: the antidotal effect of organizational justice, support and leader-member exchange. As a rule of thumb, R2 values below 0.25 are considered weak. Thus, it is important to apply the model to data drawn from other cities and countries with different political circumstances. Microfinance, consumption, and culture have weak effects on their target constructs, whereas urban culture and consumption pattern have no effect on street vending. J. Int. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). 50, 15241555. Operation murambatsvina and the politics of street vendors in Zimbabwe. Space Soc. All authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it for publication.
Vendors on wheels! The changing terrain and manifestation of Spiritual motivation, work culture and work ethos as predictors on merchant satisfaction through service quality of street vendors in Badung market, Bali, Indonesia. J. Econ. The dilemma of managing the challenges of street vending in public spaces: the case of Enugu City, Nigeria. doi: 10.17632/dh3cv5p7rv.1, Alvi, F. H., and Mendoza, J. Third, PLS-SEM is suitable for developing a theory (Hair et al., 2017, 2019). A total number of 384 participants will be required to gain a 95% confidence interval for a population that exceeds one million persons with a marginal error of 5%. Ethn. (2021b). The current paper uses the PLS-SEM technique for four reasons.
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