what are the five basic military strategies

The March offensive, intended to drive a wedge between the French and British armies, turn on the latter and destroy it, lost direction and became driven by its territorial gains, its original purpose neglected. More so than in previous wars, military strategy in World War I was directed by the grand strategy of a coalition of nations; the Entente on one side and the Central Powers on the other. It was not until the 18th century that military strategy was subjected to serious study in Europe. Military Strategy Books - Goodreads This also allowed Napoleon to select multiple battle angles into a battle site. [29], The evolution of military strategy continued in the American Civil War (18611865). Have the consequences of our action been fully considered? The Soviet government doubted that a war against Germany could be avoided. Churchill especially favoured a Southern strategy, aiming to attack the "soft underbelly" of Axis Europe through Italy, Greece and the Balkans in a strategy similar to the First World War idea of "knocking out the supports". Home | accomplish the requirements of the National Military Strategy (NMS) in accordance with 10 USC and 32 USC responsi-bilities. It is often said that the art of strategies defines the goals to achieve in a military campaign, while tactics defines the methods to achieve these goals. Early Soviet strategy aimed to avoid or delay war, while developing the central government's hold over the state and expanding the industrial base. This new field of strategic thinking is tackled by what is now defined as netwar. All seem to have seen the strategic shock value of mobility and the new possibilities made possible by motorised forces. Objective (Direct every military operation towards a clearly defined, decisive, and attainable objective) Offensive (Seize, retain, and exploit the initiative) Mass (Concentrate combat power at the decisive place and time) Economy of Force (Allocate minimum essential combat power to secondary efforts) [19] There are numerous examples in history where victory on the battlefield has not translated into goals such as long term peace, security or tranquillity. As such, Clausewitz famously argued that war was the "continuation of politics by other means", and as such, argued that the amount of force used by the state would and should be proportional to whatever the political aim that the state was seeking to achieve via war. However, as they marched towards the South under Mao's stern orders after their decisive victories in northern Korea, they were met by an indifferent and sometimes hostile Southern population[34] who, despite intimidation, were not willing to help them. This page was last edited on 10 June 2023, at 16:17. Assailed from all sides by France, Austria, Russia and Sweden, Frederick exploited his central position, which enabled him to move his army along interior lines and concentrate against one opponent at a time. The Germans executed a perfect battle of annihilation against the Russians at the Battle of Tannenberg. Meeting the Pentagon's goals to invest efficiently in military capabilities calls for a methodological process hinging on five key elements: aligning strategies with tasks, understanding what drives military innovation, embracing specificity in problem-solving, preparing for an unknown future, and assessing technology investments for . Napoleon used the central position strategy during the Battle of Waterloo. Strategy for a Long War. Fortunately, we have a few resources for you: Our wiki covers military history for a beginner, while our Library covers the more theoretical aspects better. One of Germany's key enablers in mobile warfare was the use of radios, where these were put into every tank. The superior fighting potential of the United States made it improbable that Japan could inflict a crushing defeat on its adversary at the outset. The increases in the size of the armies led to an increase in the number of officers. The strategy was first used by the Communists against the forces of the Nationalist Government led by Chiang Kai-shek in the Chinese Civil War in the 1930s. Entire factories, including their labour force, were simply moved, and what couldn't be taken was destroyed ("scorched earth"). What military strategies were used in ww1? - Stwnews.org - Raise up It is a subdiscipline of warfare and of foreign policy, and a principal tool to secure national interests. My Account | The UK and US seem to have seen the carrier as a defensive weapon, and their designs mirrored this; the Japanese Imperial Navy seem to have developed a new offensive strategy based on the power projection these made possible. Showing 1-50 of 762. Emphasis for re-armament was given to air forces with the view that these would be most useful in any future war with Germany. In December 1941 Japan attacked the USA and Germany declared war on the USA shortly afterwards. In August 1941, at the Atlantic Conference he met US President Roosevelt in the first of many wartime meetings wherein allied war strategy was jointly decided. Moreover, since horse milk and horse blood were the staples of the Mongolian diet, Genghis' horse-herds functioned not just as his means of movement but as his logistical sustainment. Napoleon used two primary strategies for the approach to battle. "List of military strategies and concepts", Learn how and when to remove this template message, "blitzkrieg | Definition, Translation, & Facts", "Total War | Meaning of Total War by Lexico", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_military_strategies_and_concepts&oldid=1159482134, Articles needing additional references from May 2016, All articles needing additional references, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0. This necessitated dividing the army first into divisions and later into corps. World War I strategy was dominated by the "Spirit of the Offensive", where generals resorted almost to mysticism in terms of a soldier's personal "attitude" in order to break the stalemate; this led to nothing but bloody slaughter as troops in close ranks charged machine guns. The central position did have a weakness in that the full power of the pursuit of the enemy could not be achieved because the second army needed attention. In the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden demonstrated advanced operational strategy that led to his victories on the soil of the Holy Roman Empire. List of military strategies and concepts - Military Wiki | Fandom Attacks on the enemy's economy included Britain's use of a naval blockade and Germany employing submarine warfare against merchant shipping. Napoleon masked Wellington and massed against the Prussian army, and then after the Battle of Ligny was won, Napoleon attempted to do the same to the Allied/British army located just to the south of Waterloo. Many military strategists have attempted to encapsulate a successful strategy in a set of principles. Field Marshal Viscount Alanbrooke, Chief of the Imperial General Staff and co-chairman of the Anglo-US Combined Chiefs of Staff Committee for most of the Second World War, described the art of military strategy as: "to derive from the [policy] aim a series of military objectives to be achieved: to assess these objectives as to the military requirements they create, and the pre-conditions which the achievement of each is likely to necessitate: to measure available and potential resources against the requirements and to chart from this process a coherent pattern of priorities and a rational course of action. It can even change the future for millions. Top 10 Best Military Strategy History Books #TOP 1 History of Education Books Chinese History Books The Art Of War Sun Tzu Filiquarian Nov 1, 2007 9.9 FTB Score View on Amazon Find on Walmart Customer Reviews The Art of War is a classic book on military strategy written by Sun Tzu. Mini-theories of military strategy, consisting of the five basic military strategies of extermination, exhaustion, annihilation, intimidation and subversion, are woven together into a coherent military strategy theoretical framework. A strategy is a plan, method, or series of actions for obtaining a specified goal. A strategy which seeks the gradual erosion of an enemy nation's will or means to resist. Political Science At this time the idea of the aircraft carrier and its capabilities also started to change thinking in those countries with large fleets, but nowhere as much as in Japan. PDF JDN 2-19, Strategy - Joint Chiefs of Staff By 1943, the USSR was confident in final victory and new aim of Soviet strategy became securing a favourable post-war Europe. Fear from the north was so understated that at the outbreak of open warfare with Japan, Australia itself was extremely vulnerable to invasion (possible invasion plans were considered by the Japanese high command, though there was strong opposition). When confronted with a fortified city, the Mongol imperatives of maneuver and speed required that it be quickly subdued. Flanking basically means to attack your enemy's side. Chapter IV: Basic Strategy and Military Organization The Greek allied forces ultimately lost the battle, but the training, use of armor, and location allowed them to defeat many Persian troops before losing. In the December 1941, at the Arcadia Conference, the Allied leaders agreed to the "Germany first" principle whereby Germany was to be defeated first, and then Japan. The American strategy was about obtaining legitimacy on an international level. Defying strong British opposition, Australian Prime Minister John Curtin recalled most troops from the European conflict for the defense of the nation. The view had prevailed since the Roman times, and the borderline between strategy and tactics at this time was blurred, and sometimes categorization of a decision is a matter of almost personal opinion. v t e Military strategy is a set of ideas implemented by military organizations to pursue desired strategic goals. One notable exception to Napoleon's strategy of annihilation and a precursor to trench warfare were the Lines of Torres Vedras during the Peninsular War. Ends, Ways, Means, Risk Strategy is much like a three legged stool of ends, ways, means balanced on a plane of varying degree of risk. He lays out quite nicely how complex and convoluted that history is. List of military tactics - Wikipedia The "indirect" approach into battle also allowed Napoleon to disrupt the linear formations used by the allied armies. But the mini-theories of strategy remain underdeveloped and an overarching theory of military strategy does not yet exist. > View history Tools This article is a list of military strategies and concepts that are commonly recognized and referenced. Khan's marauders also brought with them mobile shelters, concubines, butchers, and cooks. Although a significant part of the urban population had been captured by Germany in the 1941 campaign, the Soviet economy immediately went to a total war footing and was soon outproducing the German economy in war materiel. Decisive point A geographic place, specific key event, critical system, or function that allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an enemy and greatly influence the outcome of an attack, DIME(FIL) The elements of national power diplomacy, information, military, and economics, often included are financial, intelligence, and law enforcement see MIDLIFE, Golden Bridge To leave an opponent an opportunity to withdraw in order to not force them to act out of desperation Sun Tzu, Iron Calculus of War Resistance = Means x Will Clausewitz, Paradoxical nature The nature of strategy is a paradoxical and does not follow a linear pattern Luttwak, Positive ends The possibility of taking advantage of a new security environment to create conditions for long-term peace Wass de Czege, Primary Trinity (1) primordial violence, hatred, and enmity; (2) the play of chance and probability; and (3) war's element of subordination to rational policy Clausewitz, Secondary Trinity People, Army, and Government Clausewitz, Objective (Direct every military operation towards a clearly defined, decisive, and attainable objective), Offensive (Seize, retain, and exploit the initiative), Mass (Concentrate combat power at the decisive place and time), Economy of Force (Allocate minimum essential combat power to secondary efforts), Maneuver (place the enemy in a disadvantageous position through the flexible application of combat power), Unity of Command (For every Objective, ensure Unity of effort under one responsible commander), Security (Never permit the enemy to acquire an unexpected advantage), Surprise (Strike the enemy at a time, at a place, or in a manner for which he is unprepared), Simplicity (Prepare clear, uncomplicated plans and clear, concise orders to ensure thorough understanding) US Army FM 3.0.
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