henry stafford, 1st duke of buckingham

Katherine was the sister of Elizabeth Woodville who was queen consort to King Edward IV (Grandfather to Henry VIII). [4] This is said to have been in celebration of the marriage of Henry's nephew, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, to Catherine Woodville, sister of the queen consort. [83] He became Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, Constable of Dover Castle and Constable of Queenborough, on the Isle of Sheppey, in 1450. [72], In July 1436, Stafford, accompanied by Gloucester, John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, John Holland Earl of Huntingdon, the Earl of Warwick, Thomas de Courtenay, 5th/13th Earl of Devon, and James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond, returned to France again with an army of nearly 8,000 men. Edward Stafford, born 3 February 1478 at Brecon Castle in Wales, was the eldest son of Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, and Catherine Woodville (the daughter of Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers, by Jacquetta of Luxembourg, daughter of Pierre de Luxembourg, Count of St. Pol) and was thus a nephew of Elizabeth Woodville and King Edward IV. Henry 2nd Duke of Buckingham Stafford KG (4 Sep 1455 - 2 Nov 1483) 0 references . [149][l], Michael Hicks has noted that Buckingham was one of the few Lancastrian loyalists who was never accused by the Yorkists of being an "evil councillor",[152] even though he wasin Hicks's words"the substance and perhaps the steel within the ruling regime". [41] Stafford's Thornbury manor was convenient for Bristol and was a stopping point to and from London. Henry was the son of Anne Neville and Sir Humphery Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham. His grandfather, the 1st Duke of Buckingham, gained his title from his mother and was the son of Edmund, 5th Earl of Stafford, and of Anne, daughter of Thomas, Duke of Gloucester, youngest son of Edward III. Sir Henry Stafford[1] (c.1425 4 October 1471) was the second son of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Lady Anne Neville, daughter of Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, and Lady Joan Beaufort. He was executed without trial for his role in the uprisings. [158] On her death in 1480, she left many books in her will. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. 1444), killed at Northampton in 1460, both fighting for Lancaster. Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford - Wikipedia [105] Buckingham played an important role at the October 1456 Great Council in Leicester. For example, it had no walls, only a defensible ditch, and access to the south of the main street was easy. Somersetin charge of government once againsummoned a Great Council to meet in Leicester on 22 May 1455. [44] One assessment of his estates suggests that, by the late 1440s, his income was over 5,000 per annum,[45] and K. B. McFarlane estimated Stafford's total potential income from land to have been 6,300 gross annually, at its peak between 1447 and 1448. [119] Although the defences that Buckingham had organised successfully checked the Yorkists' initial advance,[123] Warwick took his force through gardens and houses to attack the Lancastrians in the rear. When the rebels returned the following year they attacked the royal army at Northampton. The latter also included the earldom of Buckingham, worth 1,000 on its own; Stafford had become one of the greatest landowners in England overnight. [77] In light of the secrecy that cloaked Stafford's appointment in 1442, suggests David Grummitt, it is possible that the revolt had actually been staged by his servants to ensure that Stafford "had entry [to Calais] on favourable terms". The grant was based on Stafford's claim that the King had orally promised him this before dying. He again represented the Crown during further peace talks with the French in 1445 and 1446. w' a greet multitude. On 3 January 1458[2][3] Henry married Margaret Beaufort, who, although still young, was the widow of Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. He became 6th earl of Stafford when only a year old, his father having died in battle. [161], B. J. Harris noted that, although he died a staunch Lancastrian, he never showed any personal dislike of York in the 1450s, and that his personal motivation throughout the decade was loyalty to the Crown and keeping the peace between his peers. Bedford, it was decided, would rule as regent in France, while Gloucester would be chief councillor (although not protector) in England. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. However, Stafford later switched his allegiance to the House of York and towards the end of his life contributed to the restoration of Edward IV. [96], In 1451, the King's favourite, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, replaced William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk as the King's chief councillor,[97] and Buckingham supported Somerset's government. The King, with a smaller force[109] that nonetheless included important nobles such as Somerset, Northumberland, Clifford and Buckingham and his son Humphrey, Earl of Stafford,[110] was likewise marching from Westminster to Leicester, and in the early morning of 22 May, royal scouts reported the Yorkists as being only a few hours away. When the King's cousin, Richard, Duke of York, rebelled two years later, Stafford investigated York's followers. Henry Stafford (died 1471) - Wikiwand . He had previously been made Baron Whaddon, of Whaddon in the County of Buckingham, and Viscount Villiers in 1616, then Earl of Buckingham in 1617, then Marquess of Buckingham in 1618 until he was also created Earl of Coventry and Duke of Buckingham in 1623. Stafford is also one of the primary suspects in the . After the 1st Marquess of Buckingham's death in 1813, his titles passed to his son Richard Temple-Grenville, 2nd Marquess of Buckingham. [64] Stafford fought back, repelling Malory's small force with sixty yeomenry. Edward Stafford was born on the 3rd of February 1478 to Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and his wife, Katherine Woodville. His eldest son having been killed in an earlier battle, he was succeeded in his titles by his four-year-old grandson. [80] He served the full term of his appointment as Calais captain, leaving office in 1451. Sir Henry Stafford (c. 1425 - 4 October 1471) was the second son of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Lady Anne Neville, daughter of Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, and Lady Joan Beaufort.Henry's elder brother, also named Humphrey, died before their father, and so it was Henry's nephew, also Henry, who became the 2nd Duke of Buckingham. [159] On Buckingham's estatesespecially on the Welsh marcheshe has been described as a "harsh and exacting landlord" in the lengths he went to in maximising his income. Buckingham, who continued in office as chief minister into the reign of James's son, Charles I, was responsible for a policy of war against Spain and France. 1 reference. Lady Anne Neville. Fit for a King (or Queen): the British Royalty Quiz, This article was most recently revised and updated by, Humphrey Stafford, 1st duke of Buckingham, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Humphrey-Stafford-1st-Duke-of-Buckingham, Fact Monster - People - Biography of Humphrey Stafford. [12], Stafford had an extensive library of about 300 books, mostly in Latin. [63] Stafford also had major estates on the Welsh Marches. Russian Wikipedia. A contemporary commented how Buckingham "straungely conveied" Somerset from prison,[105] but it is uncertain whether this was as a result of the King ordering his release or whether Somerset escaped with Buckingham's connivance. Henry Stafford, Second Duke Of Buckingham | mermaidcamp As a result, they gathered a small force and marched south. In 1547 he petitioned Parliament for restoration in blood, but did not claim any of his father's forfeited land or titles. Of particular importance were the marriages of two of his sons, Humphrey and Henry. There have also been Earls of Buckingham and Marquesses of Buckingham. [37] He also had manor houses at Writtle and Maxstoke, which he had purchased as part of most of the estates of John, Lord Clinton. [49] In the 1440s and 1450s, Stafford's Welsh estates were particularly notable for both their rent arrears and public disorder. "'Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford (18 September 1501 - 30 April 1563) was born in Penshurst, Kent, England the eldest son of Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Eleanor Percy, Duchess of Buckingham. [1] His minority lasted for the next twenty years. Contributor: Elizabeth Thompson (49171464) English Nobleman, Second Duke of Buckingham. Henry Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire. stated in. [1] Sources conflict over the precise details of the Staffords' progeny. [68] Following Cade's rebellion in 1450, Stafford's park at Penshurst was attacked by local men whom the historian Ralph Griffiths describes as "concealing their faces with long beards and charcoal-blackened faces, calling themselves servants of the queen of the fairies". Although Stafford seems to have personally favoured the interests of Gloucester in the latter's struggle for supremacy over Beaufort,[12] Stafford attempted to be a moderating influence. The Duke paid a midwife 10, Richard Stafford, who married Mary Corbet, a daughter of John Corbet of Lee in, Elizabeth Stafford, married Sir William Neville, Anne Stafford, married Sir Henry Williams, This page was last edited on 19 May 2023, at 17:30. [3] The couple lived for a while at Bourne Castle in Lincolnshire. Buckingham, Henry Stafford, 2nd duke of (1455-83). [1], Humphrey Stafford married Lady Anne Neville, daughter of Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmorland, by Lady Joan Beaufort (Westmorland's second wife), at some point before 18 October 1424. William Stafford, (b.1439,died in childhood) 9. The place of Henry's birth is not certain, but the family was closely associated with the town of Stafford, from which it took its name. In 1548 he was summoned to Parliament by writ, by King Edward VI, and was thus created 1st Baron Stafford. In 1868 the Duke established his right to the Scottish lordship of Kinloss before the Committee for Privileges of the House of Lords. [q] Rawcliffe gives the following as dates of birth and death for three of the daughters: Anne, 14461472; Joan, 14421484; and Katherine, 14371476. Corrections? [3] After the Readeption of Henry VI in October, Henry and Margaret, together with Henry Tudor and his uncle, Jasper Tudor, attended an audience with the restored King and dined with the King's chamberlain, Sir Richard Tunstall. [100] Buckingham took part in a peace commission on 14 February that month in Devon, which prevented Thomas Courtenay, Earl of Devon from joining York at Dartford. In 1453, the King became ill and sank into a catatonic state; law and order broke down further and when civil war began in 1455, Stafford fought for the King in the First Battle of St Albans which began the Wars of the Roses. [6], In the autumn of 1470, Warwick and Clarence returned to England and King Edward was forced to flee into exile. [142] Buckingham denied the Yorkists' envoys' repeated requests for an audience with Henry,[144] denouncing the earls: "the Earl of Warwick shall not come to the King's presence and if he comes he shall die". Life of Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. [134] Until this point he had been a voice of restraint within the King's faction. [3] In the last few years of his life, he was sometimes so ill that Reginald Bray had to take over his responsibilities. Engraving of the Duke of Buckingham, by William Bond. The previous day Henry had made a hastily drafted will, in which he referred to Margaret as "my most entire belovyd wyff". When Elizabeth Woodville married the King of England her . ), eldest son of Henry Stafford, the 2nd duke, succeeding to the title in 1485, after the attainder had been removed, two years after the execution of his father. Stafford returned to the French campaign during the 1430s and for his loyalty and years of service, he was elevated from Earl of Stafford to Duke of Buckingham. Lustig suggests that it was probably in connection to this that Sir Thomas Malory attempted his assassination[156] around 1450if indeed he did, as the charge was never proved. [104] Buckingham swore to "draw the lyne" with York,[131] and supported his second protectorate, although losing Queen Margaret's favour as a result. Lord Henry Stafford - Buckinghams Retinue Medieval Reenactment Group Buckingham had apparently promised to give them 1,000 but died before acting on the promise. Around the same time, his mother died. [79] He also received another important allowance, being granted permission to export gold and jewels (up to the value of 5,000 per trip) for his use in France, even though the export of bullion was illegal at the time. She was also to organise the establishment of two chantries in his memory and, says Barbara Harriss, he left "exceedingly elaborate" instructions for the augmentation of Pleshy college. . [25] He also attended the interrogation of Joan of Arc in Rouen in 1431; at some point during these proceedings, a contemporary alleged, Stafford attempted to stab her and had to be physically restrained. [181] In 1452, Joan married William Beaumont, heir of Viscount Beaumont. By 1424, the rivalry between him and his uncle Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchesteras de facto head of council[20]had become an outright conflict. 1 Through his father he was descended from Edward III 's son, Thomas of Woodstock, and his mother was Catherine Woodville, sister of Edward IV 's queen, Elizabeth Woodville; she afterwards married . He was executed without trial for his role in the uprisings. went over the see/ and folowed the Duc of Burgoyn he ever fleyng before them / And there they sore nioed the Contrey. The 1st Marquess of Buckingham had married Lady Mary Nugent, daughter of Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent. But Buckingham misjudged both the size of the Yorkist armywhich outnumbered that of the King[142]and the loyalty of the Lancastrian army. Henry became a member of the King's Household after his wardship was purchased by Edward IV in 1464 with half of the Bohun Estates appropriated into the Crown Property. [98] At the same time, he tried to maintain peace between Somerset and York, who by now was Somerset's bitter enemy. His mother was Margaret Beaufort, daughter of Edmond Beaufort and cousin of Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII. The fourth creation of the dukedom, as Duke of Buckingham and Chandos in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, was in 1822 for Richard Temple-Grenville, 2nd Marquess of Buckingham, a landowner and politician. In 1788 Lord Buckingham also succeeded his father-in-law as second Earl Nugent according to a special remainder in the letters patent, and at the same time assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Nugent. [109], The King was lodged in the town and York, with Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury and the Earl of Warwick, encamped to the south. Eleanor (or Alianore) was the daughter of Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland and Maud Herbert, Countess of Northumberland. [118] Buckingham made what John Gillingham described as an "insidiously tempting suggestion"[119] that the Yorkists mull over the King's responses in Hatfield or Barnet overnight. Through his mother he had royal descent from King Edward III, his great-grandfather, and from his father, he inherited, at an early age, the earldom of Stafford. Henry Stafford (known as Harry) was born in 1455, his father being Humphrey Stafford, son and heir to Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham. [147] By 2:00pm, Buckingham, John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury, Lord Egremont and Viscount Beaumont, had all been killed by a force of Kentishmen. [75] Subsequent peace talks in France occupied Stafford throughout 1439, and in 1442 he was appointed Captain of Calais[1] and the Risbanke fort, and was indented to serve for the next decade. [1] On 31 August 1422, while campaigning, Henry V contracted dysentery and died. As his mother could not, by law, be his guardian,[8] Humphrey became a royal ward and was put under the guardianship of Henry IV's queen, Joan of Navarre. In preparation for his personal rule, the council reorganised Henry's Lancastrian estates to be under the control of local magnates. In the lead up to the Battle of Northampton, the Earl of Warwick and Edward, Earl of March sent envoys to negotiate,[142] but Buckinghamonce again the King's chief negotiator,[143] and backed by his son-in-law, John Talbot and Lords Beaumont and Egremont[142]was no longer conciliatory. The date of Henry's birth is unknown, but since his parents were married some time before 18 October 1424 and he was their second son, it is thought that he was born round about 1425. However, despite his illness (see below), Henry was with Edward IV on 12 March 1470 at the Battle of Losecoat Field, where the rebel forces of Sir Robert Welles were defeated. The wedding of Sir Henry and Lady Margaret is thought to have taken place at Maxstoke Castle, which had been acquired by Henry's father in 1437. [153] Henry Stafford entered into his estates in 1473 but was executed by Edward's brother Richardby then King, and against whom Henry had rebelledin November 1483. [23] The Earl was appointed Lieutenant-General of Normandy,[24] Governor of Paris, and Constable of France over the course of his next two years of service there. [163] On the latter quality, Rawcliffe points to his reputation as a harsh taskmaster on his estates and his "offensive behaviour"[163] towards Joan of Arc. On 17 April, Margaret hurried from Woking to London and sent a rider to Barnet for news of her husband. [1], One of the best-known disputes Stafford had with his local gentry was in his Midlands heartlands. [81][h] Other offices he held around this time included Seneschal of Halton from 1439, and Lieutenant of the Marches from 1442 to 1451. [147] The Duke was buried shortly after at Grey Friars Abbey in Northampton. He started the first foxhunt in England, The Bilsdale Hunt in 1668 and later started the Sinnington Hunt in 1680. He married his second cousin, Margaret Beaufort, the mother of the future Henry VII of England. Henry Stafford, 2nd duke of Buckingham | English noble The grant did not require him to pay a fee into the Exchequer, as was normal. [73] Although the expedition's purpose was to end the siege of Calais by Philip, Duke of Burgundy, the Burgundians had withdrawn before they arrived,[74] leaving behind a quantity of cannon for the English to seize. He joined the English campaign in France with King Henry V in 1420 and following Henry V's death two years later he became a councillor for the new king, the nine-month-old Henry VI. [163] His temper, she says, was "ungovernable". Stafford also took part in the eventual arrest of Gloucester in 1447. Humphrey Stafford KG (1402-1460) | WikiTree FREE Family Tree They included senior Lancastrian captains: Somerset, Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland and Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron de Clifford had all been killed. Henry Staford was closely related to the royal house, three of his grandparents were descended from King Edward III. A zealous Lancastrian, he added to his wealth the estates of dispossessed Yorkists, becoming perhaps the greatest landowner in all England. Joan Stafford, (1442-1484) 10. [103] This parliament also appointed York as Protector of the Realm from 27 March 1454. Omissions? [164][m] Scholars generally agree that Buckingham and Anne had twelve children, consisting of seven sons and five daughters. [66] Stafford personally arrested Malory on 25 July 1451. Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham - Wikidata [85], In September 1444, as reward for his loyal and continuous service to the Crown, he was created Duke of Buckingham. In his will Henry's father settled 400 marks' worth of land on the couple, but the main part of their income came from Margaret's estates.
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